Disturbed breathing patterns are associated with anxiety. When we are anxious our breathing becomes irregular, shallow, and the breathing rate increases. In the nineteenth century, carbon dioxide in gas cylinders was used to tranquilize agitated patients in mental hospitals. When we are angry and wish to keep our feelings under control, we slow our breathing and count slowly to ten. Depressed people also often have disturbed breathing patterns. For hundreds of years, sighing has been known to be associated with depression. Depressed patients often hyperventilate. Depressed people often complain of a persisting heaviness in their chests, breathlessness, particularly at rest, and have a sighing respiration.

Breathing well is able to change a number of psychological and physiological measures associated with anxiety and depression. Understanding symptoms and reassurance that the symptoms can be mastered reduces anxiety. Slowing breathing reduces the physiological and psychological arousal seen in anxious patients. Slow, paced abdominal breathing is a highly effective treatment for panic attacks. Respiratory changes are found during the practice of almost all relaxation techniques; many relaxation techniques focus on breathing. Meditation techniques raise blood DHEA levels. DHEA appears to be a powerful natural antidepressant. While breathing well is not the total answer, it offers one simple way of taking control and helping people with anxiety and depression.